Skip to content
Docs Pydantic Docs

math module

Behaviour matches CPython 3.14 for the implemented set, apart from the notes below.

Implemented

Rounding: floor, ceil, trunc. Roots / powers: sqrt, isqrt, cbrt, pow, exp, exp2, expm1. Logarithms: log, log2, log10, log1p. Trig: sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2. Hyperbolic: sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh. Angles: degrees, radians. Float properties: fabs, isnan, isinf, isfinite, copysign, isclose, nextafter, ulp. Integer math: factorial, gcd, lcm, comb, perm. Modular: fmod, remainder, modf, frexp, ldexp. Special: gamma, lgamma, erf, erfc.

Constants: pi, e, tau, inf, nan.

Not implemented

fsum, prod, hypot, dist, sumprod, nan from arbitrary payloads.

Behavioural notes

  • math.asin / math.acos reject inputs outside [-1, 1] with ValueError: "expected a number in range from -1 up to 1, got <x>", where CPython says "math domain error".
  • Domain errors (e.g. log(-1)) raise ValueError: "math domain error", matching CPython.
  • Overflow (finite input, infinite result) raises OverflowError: "math range error", matching CPython.
  • math.gamma rejects non-positive integers (poles) with ValueError.